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Inclusion Criteria:
1. A male or female subject must be 18 to 65 years of age.
2. Except for underlying airway disease, subject must be in good health as determined by
medical history, targeted physical examination based on medical history, and vital
signs (that include temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and pulse oximetry).
3. Subject must be able to verbalize understanding of the informed consent form,
verbalize willingness to complete all study procedures, and provide written informed
consent (sign the informed consent form).
4. Subject must be willing to commit to participating in both the initial and cross-over
stages of the study.
5. Dipstick analysis of subject's urine specimen must be negative or show only trace
amounts of glucose, hemoglobin, and protein. A menstruating female who tests positive
for urine hemoglobin may be retested.
6. Subject must have blood screening test results that are within normal limits
(according to standards set within the Clinical Center) for the following tests:
alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), activated partial
thromboplastin time (APTT), and aspartate transaminase (AST).
7. Subject must have hematologic screening tests that are within a specified range,
including hemoglobin of 10.9 g/dL, white blood cell count 2500/mm3, and platelet
count 125,000/mm3 (all <grade 1 on DAIDS severity scale).
8. A female subject must be post-menopausal (1 year without menses), have been
surgically sterilized, practice abstinence, or use an effective method of birth
control that may include an intrauterine device, spermicide, barrier, and hormonal
contraception. A female subject must also have a negative serum test for pregnancy
during the Screening period, and a negative urine test for pregnancy on the first day
of drug or placebo administration.
Asthma Subjects:
1. Subject must have a clinically established diagnosis of asthma based upon a history
of episodic symptoms of airway obstruction or airway hyper-responsiveness (i.e.,
wheezing).
2. Subject must have a documented increase in FEV1 or forced vital capacity (FVC) 12%
(and at least 200 mL) from baseline after inhaling a short-acting bronchodilator; or
a PC20FEV1 response to methacholine (i.e., the concentration of methacholine that
produces a 20% decrease in FEV1 from the post-saline value during the methacholine
challenge) of 8 mg/mL.
3. At the time of study enrollment, subject's asthma has been well-controlled for at
least the past 3 months, as defined by the following:
1. Daytime symptoms occur 2 days per week
2. Normal daily activity is not limited by asthma
3. Nocturnal symptoms/nighttime awakenings 2 times/month
4. FEV1 80% predicted
5. Use of short-acting beta-agonist 2 days/week
6. Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids occur 2 times/year
7. There has been no change in asthma medication dose or regimen within 3 months of
study enrollment
8. Not currently taking oral corticosteroids
Bronchiectasis Subjects:
1. Subject will be recruited from ongoing NIH natural history protocols (06-I-0217,
01-I-0202, and 09-I-0172) and/or the National Bronchiectasis Registry.
2. Subject must have a pre-established diagnosis of bronchiectasis based on chest
computed tomography (CT) scan findings within 12 months of enrollment (no diagnostic
CT scans will be performed during the Screening phase of this study).
3. Subject must not have overt allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, cystic fibrosis,
or primary ciliary dyskinesia.
4. Subject's bronchiectasis is stable as defined by the following:
a. Less than 2 acute exacerbations in the preceding 12 months and none in the
preceding 4 weeks, with acute exacerbation defined as persistent (>24 hour) worsening
of >3 respiratory symptoms associated with bacterial infection including: i. Cough
ii. Dyspnea iii. Hemoptysis iv. Increased sputum purulence or volume v. Chest pain b.
No change in antimicrobial regimen for at least 3 months before enrollment c. FEV1
80% predicted d. Use of short-acting beta-agonist 2 days/week for at least the past 3
months e. No baseline requirement for oxygen supplementation f. Ability to maintain
oxyhemoglobin saturation of 90% during and after 6-minute walk test g. Not currently
taking oral corticosteroids
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Subject has received any investigational drug or vaccine within 4 weeks prior to
study drug dosing, or is planning to participate in another investigational drug or
vaccine trial prior to completion of this study.
2. Subject is currently taking theophylline or oral corticosteroids.
3. Subject is allergic to milk or milk products.
4. Subject currently smokes tobacco or has smoked tobacco within 1 year prior to study
enrollment.
5. Subject has a baseline requirement for oxygen supplementation.
6. Subject is unable to maintain an oxyhemoglobin saturation of 90% during and after
6-minute walk test.
7. The subject tests positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for hepatitis B
virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV).
8. The subject's resting blood pressure is outside normal limits (defined as: systolic
90-140 mmHg; diastolic 50-90 mm Hg).
9. The subject's heart rate is less than 45 or greater than 100 beats per minute at
rest.
10. The subject weighs less than 45 kg.
11. The subject has a Body Mass Index of greater than 35 kg/m2.
12. The subject has experienced an episode of acute upper respiratory tract infection,
pneumonia, otitis, bronchitis, or sinusitis within 6 weeks of study enrollment.
13. The subject has an oral temperature above 37.8°C (100°F).
14. The subject has any surgical, medical, or laboratory condition that, in the judgment
of the clinical investigator, might interfere with the safety, distribution,
metabolism, or excretion of the drug.
15. The subject has overt primary ciliary dyskinesia, allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis, or cystic fibrosis.
16. The subject has previous or current history of the following conditions: renal,
hepatic, cardiac, hematologic (including sickle cell disease), muscular,
neurological, metabolic, or immunological disorders, malignancy, hepatitis or
cirrhosis, transplant recipients, HIV-infection, or other immunosuppressive illness,
which could, in the opinion of the study investigators, compromise subject safety or
interfere with the assessment of study drug safety.
17. A female who is pregnant or breast-feeding.
18. A subject who has received blood products within 6 months of study enrollment.
19. The subject has donated or lost more than 500 mL of blood in the 3 months prior to
screening.
20. The subject has clinically significant medical or psychological conditions that would
compromise the subject's safety, influence the results of the study, affect the
subject's ability to participate in the study, or impair the subject's ability to
provide informed consent.
21. The subject has a history of alcoholism, drug dependence, or significant psychiatric
illness within 2 years of study enrollment.
22. The subject uses anticoagulant medications or drugs with known potential for
hepatotoxicity as such agents could interfere with relevant safety assessments.
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