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View Clinical Trial (Medical Research Study)
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Dopamine Receptor Imaging in Mood Disorders - NCT00116077-20892 (Clinical Trial 125466)
Permalink: http://www.ClinicalConnection.com/exp/ExpandedPatientViewStudy125466.aspx
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| City: |
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Bethesda |
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State:
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MD |
| Zip Code: |
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20892 |
| Conditions: |
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Mood Disorders - Depressive Disorder, Major - Bipolar Disorder |
| Purpose: |
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This study seeks to increase the understanding of dopamine receptor function in the brain
during major depressive disorder and bipolar depression, as well as genetic changes that may
be behind changes in those receptors' actions. Dopamine is a natural messenger in the brain,
involved in reward, motivation, and mood.
Volunteers aged 18 to 55 who have primary major depressive disorder and those who have
bipolar depression (20 in each group), who are not HIV positive and do not have AIDS, and
who are not pregnant or breastfeeding may be eligible for this study.
A telephone interview will be held, for patients to answer standardized questions about
psychiatric or medical symptoms they may have experienced during their lifetime. Those
eligible for the study will undergo interviews and laboratory tests. A psychiatric interview
and clinical assessment will collect various data. Patients will undergo the following
procedures and tests:
- A brief neurological examination
- A one-minute electrocardiogram to measure electrical activity of the heart.
- Laboratory tests measuring several substances in the blood and urine.
- Pregnancy test.
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan will be done to create an image of the volunteer's
brain structure. The technique of MRI uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to obtain
images of body organs and tissues. During the MRI scan, volunteers will lie still on a table
that will slide into the scanner for 30 minutes and in some cases up to but no more than 90
minutes. Volunteers will be asked to lie as still as possible during the procedure. Then a
PET system will create two images of brain blood flow-one of brain dopamine 1 receptor and
one of dopamine 2/3 receptor binding. Volunteers will be given a radiotracer, a tiny amount
of a drug that can be detected by a special camera in the PET scanner. A tiny flexible tube
will be placed in the vein of one arm during each PET scan but during the MRI scan.
Volunteers will be asked to lie still on the PET scanner table. A mask with large holes for
eyes, ears, and mouth will be placed over the head, to keep the head from moving. After
radiotracer injections are given, the PET scanner will create brain images. There may be two
PET scanning sessions, each requiring about 3 hours of scanning. During only one of these
there will be breaks. At the end of the scanning session, volunteers will be asked to drink
several glasses of water and urinate immediately, to reduce r...
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| Study summary: |
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The dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area into
the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) play major roles in the neural
processing underlying motivated behavior. Hypofunction of this system is hypothesized to
underlie the anhedonia, psychomotor slowing and amotivation that characterize major
depressive disorder (MDD; (Fibiger, 1991; Swerdlow and Koob, 1987). A variety of indirect
evidence supports this hypothesis (Wilner, 1995) as: 1) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
concentrations of the DA metabolite, homovanillic acid, are reduced in nondelusional,
depressives. 2) Dextroamphetamine (AMPH) improves mood in depressed patients, and direct DA
receptor agonists (e.g. pramapaxil) and DA reuptake inhibitors (e.g. nomiphensine) exert
antidepressant effects. 3) Many somatic antidepressant therapies enhance D(2/3) receptor
sensitivity in limbic structures and/or increase interstitial DA concentrations in the mPFC
and accumbens in rats. 4) Conditions in which DA is depleted increase the risk for
developing major depression, and DA receptor antagonist administration produces dysphoria,
avolition and fatigue in healthy humans.
In more direct assessments of DA receptor pharmacology, Suhara et al. (1992) reported an
abnormal decrease in D1 receptor binding using [(11)C]SCH 23390 in the frontal cortex of
bipolar subjects. However, [(11)C]SCH 23390 has some affinity for 5-HT(2) receptors in the
frontal cortex (De Keyser et al.,1988) so the specificity of this result remains unclear. In
contrast, [(11)C]NNC 112 is selective for D1 receptors and shows sufficient receptor
selectivity to access D(1) receptor binding in the frontal cortex in mood disorders.
Previous studies of D(2) receptors using [(11)C]raclopride, [11C]NMSP and [(123)I]IBZM have
been limited by the lack of sensitivity of those radioligands to receptors outside the
striatum. Striatal D(2) receptor binding has been reported to be abnormally increased in
psychotic bipolar subjects relative to both controls and non-psychotic bipolar subjects
using [(11)C]NMSP (Pearlson et al., 1995) and unaltered in subjects with Major Depressive
Disorder (MDD) compared to controls in two studies using [(123)I]IBZM (Klimke et al., 1999;
Parsey et al., 2001). An increased basal ganglia-to-cerebellum ratio of D(2) receptor
binding using [(123)I]IBZM has been reported in depressed MDD subjects compared to controls
(D'Hanenen and Bossuyt, 1994; Ebert et al., 1996). SPECT imaging studies show that
[(123)I]IBZM binding to striatal D(2/3) receptors is abnormally elevated in MDD. Although
these studies were confounded by medication effects and small subject samples, because
[(123)I]IBZM binding is sensitive to competition from endogenous DA, this abnormality could
reflect reduced intrasynaptic DA levels in the striatum of MDD subjects.
The current study will address the limitations of the previous studies by characterizing D1
and D2 receptor binding in depression in extrastriatal, as well as striatal regions. PET
measures of [11C]NNC 112 and [(18)F]fallypride binding to assess D(1) and D(2/3) receptor
binding potential (BP), respectively, in unmedicated depressed subjects (part A). The
11C-Raclopride Bolus plus constant infusion (B/I) PET scan will assess D(2) receptor binding
in vivo in the striatum while the subjects perform a monetary reward task, specifically
designed to induce changes in the striatal dopaminergic transmission (part B).
The application of high resolution 3D PET and MRI-based region-of-interest analysis will
permit specific assessment of abnormalities of the D(2/3) receptor system in currently
depressed individuals with MDD and BD and of correlations with clinical ratings in ventral
and dorsal striatum as well as in extrastriatal areas such as the amygdala, anterior
cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and orbital cortex. Possible relationships of
polymorphisms in the genes coding for elements of the dopaminergic system as well as the
dopamine receptors being studied in MDD or BD with the level of binding detected will be
investigated collecting preliminary data.
SPECIFIC AIMS
1. Assess D(1) receptor binding in BD subjects and performance on working memory and
attention based tasks.
Hypothesis 1a. D(1) receptor binding will be decreased in the frontal cortex and
unaltered in the striatum of BD subjects compared to healthy controls.
Hypothesis 1b. Working memory and attention task performance impairments will correlate
with changes in binding levels.
2. Evaluate striatal and extrastriatal D(2/3) receptor binding, severity of depression,
psychomotor retardation and anhedonia in depressed subjects with BD or MDD compared to
healthy controls.
Hypothesis 2a. Baseline [(18)F]fallypride binding in the ventral striatum, amygdala, medial
thalamus, orbital cortex and subgenual PFC will be increased in depressives relative to
controls.
Hypothesis 2b. The ventral striatal D(2/3) receptor binding will correlate positively with
ratings of anhedonia and depressed mood, and negatively with psychomotor performance speed.
Hypothesis 2c. Baseline [(11)C] raclopride binding in the ventral striatum will be increased
in depressed patients and this increase will correlate negatively with the subjective
evaluation of rewarding stimuli and mood.
Hypothesis 2d. The monetary reward task will induce a reduction of [(11)C] raclopride
striatal binding, which will be larger in controls than in depressed patients and correlate
negatively with anhedonia scores.
Secondary Aims: A. To explore differences in D(1) and D(2/3) receptor binding between MDD
and BD subjects.
B. To investigate whether polymorphisms for the D(1) or the D(2/3) receptor gene may be
associated with differences in receptor BP.
C. To assess the relationship between [11C]NNC binding to D(1) receptors and performance on
working memory and attention based tasks from the CANTAB (Cambridge Cognition, UK),
including the Rapid Visual Information Processing test (RVIP) the Spatial Working Memory
test (SWM) and the Pattern Recognition Memory test (PRM). |
| Criteria: |
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- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
The presence of inclusion and exclusion criteria will be established using both
unstructured psychiatric interview with a psychiatrist and the Structured Clinical
Interview for DSM-IV (SCID; (Williams et al., 1992). Family history of mental illness will
be obtained using the Family Interview of Genetic Studies (Maxwell, 1982).
MDD Depressed Sample: Forty-six subjects (ages 18-55) male and female will be selected,
with primary MDD currently depressed as defined by DSM-IV criteria for recurrent MDD.
Bipolar Depressed Sample: Forty subjects (ages 18-55) male and female will be selected who
meet DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I or II disorder and are currently depressed, with HDRS
score in the moderately-to-severely depressed range (greater than 18). Subjects may be
inpatients or outpatients. Because effective treatment will not be discontinued for the
purposes of this protocol, subjects will be identified who have never been treated or who
have discontinued medication due to lack of efficacy, noncompliance, physician order or
other reasons prior to study entry.
Healthy, Control Sample: Forty-six subjects (ages 18-55) male and female who have not met
criteria for any major psychiatric disorder will be selected. From this large sample a
control subject will be matched to each depressed subject for age, gender, handedness and
stage of menstrual cycle. The control subjects will have no known first degree relatives
with mood disorders.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Subjects must not have taken antidepressant or other medications likely to alter monoamine
neurochemistry or cerebrovascular function for at least 3 weeks (8 weeks for fluoxetine
and for any drug with known anticholinergic effects) prior to scanning. Because effective
medications will not be discontinued for the purposes of this study, subjects will be
identified who have never been treated or who have discontinued medication due to lack of
efficacy, noncompliance, physician order or other reasons prior to study entry. Subjects
will be excluded if they: a) have had serious suicidal ideation or behavior in the
previous two months, or b) psychosis, or c) medical or neurological illnesses (i.e.
seizure disorder, a coma in past) likely to affect physiology or anatomy, d) a history of
drug or alcohol abuse within 1 year or a lifetime history of alcohol or drug dependence
(DSM IV criteria), e) are HIV positive or have AIDS, f)current pregnancy (documented by
history and pregnancy testing prior to scanning), g) current breast feeding, h) general
MRI exclusion criteria which include the subject having a pacemaker or significant
claustrophobia. |
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| Study is available at: |
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National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
United States
Primary Contact:
Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office
Email: prpl@mail.cc.nih.gov
Phone: (800) 411-1222 |
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If you are interested in this clinical trial please use the contact information above. If you would like to get additional information about this clinical trial please visit ClinicalTrials.gov.
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| Data Source: |
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ClinicalTrials.gov |
| Date Processed: |
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March 15, 2010 |
Modifications to
this listing: |
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Only selected fields are shown, please use the link
above to view all information about this clinical trial. |
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Clinical trials are medical research studies designed to test the safety and/or
effectiveness of new drugs, devices, or treatments in humans. These studies are
conducted worldwide for a range of conditions and illnesses. Learn more about
clinical research and participating in a study at
About Clinical Trials.
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